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Ayer — 5 Abril 2025homelab.

There's a start for everything...

5 Abril 2025 at 08:02
There's a start for everything...

Student project: self hosted e-commerce site with all the backend needed for a "real" company.

Optiplex has Proxmox installed and runs a whole virtual infrastructure with VLANs. It has a firewall that does IPsec with a friend's house. It hosts multiple LXC and VMs such as web server + reverse proxy that also does waf, monitoring and log collecting tools (grafana, Loki, Prometheus), RDS using Debian XFCE, AD-like services using Univention, bastion with guacamole, SSL vpn with the firewall, backup with Proxmox Backup Server. The Proxmox VE is in cluster with another node on the other side of the IPsec tunnel.

The website is not ready yet, so it's not accessible through the internet.

The NAS runs OpenMediaVault and is directly connected to the optiplex to a second interface, which is passed in a VLAN inside Proxmox so it can communicate with PBS. It is used to store backups of both sites. 4x2TB in RAID 5 (budget forced me not to go with 4x4TB).

The Pi 5 cluster runs Proxmox on top of Raspberry Pi OS Lite and runs various LXC such as my own DNS for my personal lab, Discord bot instances that are meant to wake or suspend a machine in the network using Wake on LAN. It was my first introduction to Proxmox and I used it as an argument to install Proxmox on the optiplex.

submitted by /u/Garlayn_toji
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Looking back at some DOs and DONTs on my 10 year old homelab

5 Abril 2025 at 00:36

Hi,

I’m waiting for some backups to finish and I realized my homelab is about 10 years old. Thought I’d share some thoughts on my journey. I started out with a gaming PC and an old Dell D620 laptop-turned-kodi-server and now I have a 42U rack which holds a few servers, some networking equipment, etcetera - I’d say it’s an average homelab. To each his own, but here are some of my main takeaways.

(1) don’t turn the hobby into a job. It gets tedious and inevitably leads to burnout. It’s important that you are able to pull the plug and not stress about it. Maybe even try other hobbies sometimes

(2) don’t invite people to the homelab the first couple of years. It’s the most dynamic and volatile period - it’s a period of learning, but inviting people over can hold you back. Maybe you want to try some other tech, or do some networking stuff while others are connected - you’ll upset either your friends or yourself. Invite 1-2 friends over once the lab is mature.

(3) If you do invite people the the lab, make sure it’s not for mission critical stuff. It’s bad form to invite people to some storage solution, have them store important docs and then you pull the rug cause you can no longer afford the electrical bill or the cat pissed in your electrical sockets. Inform people of your short and long-term goals, so they know what they can expect from you.

(4) Really think about the bus scenario when you involve your family. Do you want your loved ones to have to deal with your death AND having their digital stuff unavailable cause some script shit the bed? I once had several family members on my server, but at some point moved them all to the native cloud installed on their phones.

(4.1) Don’t even think about trying to pass your homelab on to someone else. I’ve seen several posts toying with this idea and thank god that the most upvoted posts were level headed about it. It’s your hobby, don’t force it on to someone else, especially onto your family. It’s selfish to expect others to “learn” your homelab to recover their data. Heck I'm irritated when I have to get up to date to my own homelab when I'm away for a few months. My SO has absolutely no interest in IT and I see no reason to leave some “digital will” behind, instructing them how to start the server and do stuff with it. Once I’m dead, all IT goes into the bin and will be replaced with generic ISP stuff. All important stuff is accessible via [GenericCloud] and [GenericMail] that they’re accustomed to.

(5) SO acceptance factor is important. I think hobbies by definition are things you do on your own time and shouldn’t affect others. Don’t force your family to listen to 10.000 rpm coolers all day/night because you think it’s somewhat silent.

(6) Don’t overcomplicate things. They are a dog do maintain in the long run. Try to do things as standard as possible. KISS.

(7) Once mature, document the lab as much as possible, especially changes, but don’t go into too much detail for the standard stuff. Document non-standard stuff. It’s annoying to come back to something after 6-12 months and have no idea what you did.

(8) Try out new tech from time to time. It’ll get you out of a rut, and keep from obsessing over existing stuff.

(9) Don’t do “mission critical” migrations to new tech on a whim. Wait a bit for tech to mature, maybe at least 1 year. Since I’ve started out, I’ve seen at least a dozen popular open-source projects rise and fall. Take a peek at linuxserver.io ’s fleet and you’ll get an idea on how many projects get deprecated.

(10) when you have disposable income, donate to projects, at least those you use the most.

(11) don’t try to justify costs. you’ll either spend too little, or too much expecting some ROI. Since it’s a hobby, I’d say 10% of your income can go towards it as long as it doesn’t affect other aspects of your life.

(12) don’t host mission critical stuff even for yourself, at least without a hot backup to some [GenericCloud]. There may come hard times when you can’t maintain your homelab but you do need access to some important data (email, medical files);

(13) have backups. Use the 1-2-3 rule. I upload most of my important stuff to AWS Glacier for a few $$. In case of complete failure, I’ll figure out later what’s important to recover, but at least it’s there. Anyway if I respect rule 12, what I must recover is minimal.

(14) don’t neglect other aspects of your life for a homelab. Family, work, health, friends usually come before a hobby. Don’t neglect them because you think you have to do stuff for your homelab.

(15) don’t hoard IT things or data. It’s not healthy and expensive.

(16) in the medium-run, don’t install solutions in search of a problem. Don’t install software just because it sounds cool and maybe you’ll use it. Install it because it can fit existing workflows or some existing needs.

(17) in the really long-run, use the most stable solution for important stuff. It’s related to rule (9). For example, I’m doing my finances in firefly because I consider it a mature project, but the basis are excel files which I can study 10 years from now even if my servers are down.

(18) the very cheap stuff costs more in time

So, anyway, I'll stop here cause talking about homelabs can go on forever. I hope some aforementioned ideas resonate or help some in the early to mid stages of this hobby. Overall I think it's ok to be passionate about it while maintaining an overall perspective that this is a hobby and not a purpose. Happy homelabbing to everyone!

submitted by /u/blucafee80
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Pi 5 USB MDADM Array.

4 Abril 2025 at 14:44
Pi 5 USB MDADM Array.

Sometimes it’s not about what you should do, just what you can do.

I was doing decom on some very old IBM servers at work and I considered possibilities of repurposing the raid controllers and backplanes with something like a thin client (I have some Dell Wyse boxes on hand) this turned out to be expensive to explore and likely slow/ cumbersome. So I settled on doing something cheap and definitely slow!

I have limited experience of software RAID outside of ZFS on Proxmox. I had heard MDADM can create an array out of anything on any interface. This is a Pi 5, with 5 480GB SATA SSDs connected to a single USB port via a powered hub. That hub is also powering the Pi itself! Pushing the limits of daft over here…such are the joys of learning.

I designed the enclosure in Shapr3D and the drive trays are from the old IBMs. I have ordered some plastic fibre so I can get the tray lights working. I only have glass on hand and can’t cut it.

The drives are configured as RAID 5. Performance is actually…serviceable? It will do well replacing my little single disk NAS. I have also connected a Buffalo DAS (RAID 1) via USB; I am making a backup of the USB Array using rsync on a schedule. I am willing to be proven wrong, but I don’t trust this thing yet!

Ultimately I don’t think I would recommend this setup to anyone, but it has been a great learning exercise!

submitted by /u/KroFunk
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DeskPi

5 Abril 2025 at 09:06
DeskPi

I had been debating if I wanted one or not. Then I found it on a really good sale so I pulled the trigger. Super impressed with the quality. When you opened the box it has all the pieces laid out in foam. It came with two screw drivers, actual screw drivers with a handle. One hex head and one Philips. When I pulled the sides out I noticed how nice the metal was and how well it was cut. It came with an over abundance of screws and nylon washers. Assembly is straight forward, but if you get hung up DeskPi has you covered there as well. The instructions are clear with nice pictures. Overall super impressed with it. Need to get it loaded up.

Ignore the mess in the back. I just got a new desk as well and pulling everything down.

submitted by /u/DigitalRonin73
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Define 7 XL

4 Abril 2025 at 20:35
Define 7 XL

Just finished upgrading my server to ASrock Velocita Z690 64GB DDR5 104TB of MDD Drives Unraid 7 Cable management isn’t the best, but I have new data cables coming in so I wasn’t super worried with how they look for now. Will also be adding 3 140mm BeQuite pure wing fans to the front to push air over the drives. Mainly using it for the usual plex Arr stack with cloudflare tunnel for overseerr but I’m looking into Immich and some other stuff like pihole

submitted by /u/SillyEmt
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My first rack since i started my homelab journey

4 Abril 2025 at 22:47
My first rack since i started my homelab journey

Hi everyone, first time presenting my hardware. I built the rack with my girlfriend (she insisted to get credit here and tbf she deserves it too) For the specs :

Switch : • Cisco Nexus N3K-C3064TQ-10GT • 48x RJ-45 1/10Gbps + 4x QSFP+ 40Gbps

NAS (HP DL380p G8 LFF) : • TrueNAS SCALE (IP : 192.168.0.10) • CPU : 2x Xeon E5-2697 v2 • RAM : 378 Go DDR3 • Storage : • 3x 12 To RAIDZ1 • 3x 2 To RAIDZ1 • 2x 240 Go mirror (boot) • 2x 1 To mirror (app locale)

Proxmox servers : • PVE1 (IP : 192.168.0.11) • CPU : i9-9900KF • RAM : 32 Go • Disks : 3x 240 Go RAIDZ1 • GPU : Intel ARC A380

• PVE2 (IP : 192.168.0.12) • CPU : i9-13900K • RAM : 78 Go • Disks : 3x 1 To SSD RAIDZ1 • GPU : GeForce GTX 960 

Everything is connected in 10Gbps and it’s working flawlessly! Very happy with it atm. A little bit power hungry but i still love it !

I mostly use jellyfin and all the arr apps for all my linux ISOs, nextcloud, pterodactyl (cs2 servers for me and my friends), crafty (for some minecraft servers for my friends) and finally some VMs for my business and soon the business of my best friend)

Also i have some trouble to correctly rack my HP DL380p LFF (it doesn’t go all the way in) i tried to switch the rails but still no luck :/ If someone as an idea i take it !

submitted by /u/CloClo44
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A new rack to grow into

4 Abril 2025 at 22:40
A new rack to grow into

From top to bottom:

  • Qotom 1U Q20331G - OPNsense - Atom C3758R 8C @ 2.4GHz, 16GB DDR4 - Router/Firewall
  • Cisco CBS350-24P-4X - Core 24x 1Gbe PoE + 4x 10Gb SFP Switch
  • Mikrotik CRS312-4C+8XG-RM - 10Gbe Switch
  • 5x Raspberry Pi 5 via PoE - Raspberry Pi OS - 3x 4GB LPDDR4X Control Planes, 2x LPDDR4X 16GB Compute Nodes
    • HA Kubernetes Cluster - k3s - Infrastructure Services
      • ArgoCD
      • Authentik
      • Container Registry
      • Network UPS Tools
      • Semaphore
      • UptimeKuma
      • Vaultwarden
  • Eve Motion Sensor - Switches on the Hue LED light strip when motion is detected
  • Sliger CX3171a - Windows 11 24H2 - Ryzen 7 9800X3D, NVIDIA RTX 5080, 32GB DDR5
    • Gaming PC for streaming to bedroom and living room TVs via Sunshine
  • Dell PowerEdge R620 - XCP-ng 8.3 - 2x Xeon E5-2690v2 10C @ 3GHz, 192GB DDR3 - Hypervisor
    • HA Kubernetes Cluster - Alma Linux 9 - k3s (testing OKD soon) - Apps & Services
      • Baikal
      • Deluge
      • Flaresolverr
      • Gitlab Runner
      • Home Assistant
      • Homebridge
      • Homepage
      • Huginn
      • Jackett
      • Jellyfin
      • Jellyseerr
      • Kiwix
      • Librespeed
      • Mealie
      • Nextcloud
      • NZBGet
      • OpenWebUI
      • Paperless-NGX
      • Radarr
      • Scrypted
      • Searx-ng
      • Sonarr
      • Stash
      • TubeArchivist
      • Unpackerr
      • WaybackProxy (for my iMac G4 to always be in 2004 😊)
      • WikiJS
    • Jumphost VM - FreeBSD 13
    • iVentoy PXE boot server VM - Alma Linux 9
    • Xen Orchestra VM - Alma Linux 9
  • Dell PowerEdge R730xd - TrueNAS Electric Eel 24.10 - 2x Xeon E5-2620v3 6C @ 2.4GHz, 32GB DDR4,
    • 72TB SATA HDD ZFS Pool - Media, Backups
    • 12TB SATA SSD ZFS Pool - Kubernetes NFS mounts, SMB shares
    • 4TB PCIe NVMe ZFS Pool - iSCSI VM disks
  • Tripp Lite SMART1500LCD 1500VA - UPS for Gaming PC
  • APC SMT2200RM2UNC 2200VA - UPS for Servers & Network Equipment

Planned hardware (at some point):

  • 2x Dell R630/R640 for HA XCP-ng
  • 1x Dell R730xd for HA TrueNAS via RSF-1 software (anyone use this? Does it work well?)
  • 1x 4U 24-bay server chassis for custom built backup storage for TrueNAS hosts
  • 1x INWIN 1U short-depth ITX chassis for DeskPi Super6C 6x Raspberry Pi CM5 (3x 4GB 3x 16GB)
    • Kubernetes Cluster - k3s - Testing Kubernetes Cluster - Infrastructure, Apps & Services
  • 3x INWIN 1U short-depth ITX chassis - Power-efficient Testing XCP-ng Hypervisors
submitted by /u/themagnificentvoid
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Finally got my first OPNsens setup up and running at full speed.

5 Abril 2025 at 12:44
Finally got my first OPNsens setup up and running at full speed.

This is my first OPNsense setup with a m920q with a 4 2.5gbit nic. And a FX-3100 for 5G wan. Took too long to get working at full speed because the FX-3100 in IP passthrough mode wont give out the Public IP to another device unless DHCP is on but its a option that is greyed out when IP passthrough is on so didn't think turning it on would make a difference so i tried a lot of other things first. Without passthrough and dubbel NAT I had around 180 Mbps down and 40 Mbps upp. With it getting the IP directly it gets 700-800 Mbps down and around 80-100 Mbps up. Now just waiting for a unifi USW-8-Lite POE so i have a managed switch to work with.

submitted by /u/eddez
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Rooted old Android phone as a travel router + NAS.

5 Abril 2025 at 14:35
Rooted old Android phone as a travel router + NAS.

I have always had this thought that I couldn’t get out of my mind that smart phones can be the best travel router. They have excellent cell reception and have wifi hotspot and basic routing capability. It can even use WIFI as WAN connection for wifi hotspot clients. And to further to add, we have those sharing apps which allows file share wirelessly.

Upon researching, i got to know that this not recommend. Poor Wifi performance, battery degradation and Phone Wifi Hotspot not being featureful seemed to be top negative points that people mentoned.

But I have always wanted to try it out. My requirements were simple:

  1. Stable connectivity of wifi.
  2. Have multiple options of WAN like 5G, Wired, and over wifi.
  3. Devices in the network are able to able to connect my home services over Tailscale or Wire guard VPN.
  4. Maybe, when in a good network.
  5. A secure file share using USB/ microsd card to share Movies/ TV Shows and sometime to do a temp backup of Photos or Files.

After my father got a new Phone and this phone was not it use, my mind went down the pit to finally use this for mentioned purposes of a travel router.

This is an old not in use Samsung S20 Fe with 5G capabilities. I was able to root and factory reset this. Then
Install FDroid or Droidfy app marketplace. Then Install following:

  1. VPNHotspot: Share VPN to wifi hotspot clients. This also adds static IP for the device where wifi hotspot is enabled.
  2. Prim-ftpd: Create SFTP share of attached memory card or even USB. This app is great. You can chose the network interface to isolate this sftp serve.
  3. Wireguard/ Tailscale: Connect to homelab. (If possible, I recommend Wireguard for little better performance).

Using these apps to achieve the above mentioned functionality is self explanatory once you install it. Using 5ghz wifi hotspot is highly recommended.

I have been using this for last week. Has been very stable with attached power bank. Surprised that this does work.

Issues:

  1. The only issue that I faced was that phone needs to plugged in all the time. (Hence, the attached power bank). This shouldn't be dealbreaker since phones nowadays have a charge limiter feature which can limit to charing to 80%. And this is a travel router. Not a permanent solution.

Regarding perfomance:
I see a WAN speed of 100 mbps max on a device using the Wifi Hotspot. On LAN side, I can see a max speed of 200 mbps over two devices connected to mobile hotspot. (My mac and iphone). I have no issues playing movies (bitrate: 5-10 mbps) shared over SFTP.

Improvements:

  1. Use this with a type c hub with charge passthrough and ethernet port to enable wired WAN. and even share USB drives. This also gives an additional feature to use with TVs if your hub has HDMI and phone support desktop mode like Samsung DeX.

    Concerns:

  2. I am not very sure about the security provided by this solution. Can someone access LAN from the WAN side. Are rooted android phones safe enough for this.

  3. Microsd card prices for 1 TB and higher storage.

What do you guys think about this. Any comments on my concerns or issues I should be aware of in future?

submitted by /u/This_Blackberry8194
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Mini servers 24/7 Reliability- Beelink N100 or optiplex

5 Abril 2025 at 11:47

Hello,

I'm planning to have a few small servers running 24/7 at home and i see the N100 being recommended often for Plex.

I was wondering about it's reliability running 24/7. And if it gets overheated.

Are those mini pcs such as the beelink etc as good as a micro optiplex?

submitted by /u/SalazarOpas
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